Femtosecond profiling of shaped x-ray pulses

Femtosecond profiling of shaped x-ray pulses

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Arbitrary manipulation of the temporal and spectral properties of x-ray pulses at free-electron lasers would revolutionize click here many experimental applications.At the Linac Coherent Light Source at Stanford National Accelerator Laboratory, the momentum phase-space of the free-electron laser driving electron bunch can be tuned to emit a pair of x-ray pulses with independently variable photon energy and femtosecond delay.However, while accelerator parameters can easily be adjusted to tune the electron bunch phase-space, the final impact of these actuators on the x-ray pulse cannot be predicted with sufficient precision.Furthermore, shot-to-shot instabilities that distort the pulse shape gymnastics wall decals unpredictably cannot be fully suppressed.Therefore, the ability to directly characterize the x-rays is essential to ensure precise and consistent control.

In this work, we have generated x-ray pulse pairs via electron bunch shaping and characterized them on a single-shot basis with femtosecond resolution through time-resolved photoelectron streaking spectroscopy.This achievement completes an important step toward future x-ray pulse shaping techniques.